Relational Vs Non Relational Database (Key Differences)
What is the difference between relational and non relational databases? This article defines both database types and explains when you might use one or the other.
When it comes to storing your data, there are two basic options – relational and non-relational databases. This seemingly minuscule distinction actually makes a galaxy-sized difference. Let’s take an in-depth look at these two approaches, and see what their differences are and how they compare.
What is a database?
A database is a collection of data that is organized in a specific way. A database can be either a relational database or a non-relational database. A relational database is a database that stores data in tables that are related to each other. A non-relational database is a database that does not store data in tables.
What is a relational database?
A relational database is a type of database that stores data in tables. Each table stores information about a specific topic, and the tables are linked together by common fields. This type of database is easy to use and understand, making it a good choice for small businesses and individual users.
What is a non-relational database?
A non-relational database is a type of database that does not store data in tables. Instead, this type of database uses a hierarchical structure to store data. Non-relational databases are often used by large businesses and organizations that need to manage complex data.
Difference between relational and non-relational database
The main difference between relational and non-relational databases is the way that data is stored. Relational databases use tables to store data, while non-relational databases use a hierarchical structure. This makes relational databases easier to use and understand, while non-relational databases are better suited for managing complex data.
This table will show you the key difference between relational and non-relational database.
| Criteria | Relational Database | Non-relational Database |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The data is stored in tables. | It uses hierarchical structure to store data |
| Stored Items | The stored items have relationships with each other | The stored items can be structured, unstructured or semi-structured data. |
| Data Integration | Due to constraints and relationships, data integrity is high | Data integration is difficult |
| Storage Capacity | It is suitable for medium to large data size | Large amount of data size |
| Reliability | It is highly reliable database | Its reliability is low |
| Scalability | The scalability cost is very high | It is highly scalable |
| Pros | i) data integrity, ii) data accuracy, iii) normalization, iv) basic structure is easy to understand v) easy access of data due to its simplicity, vi) more secure vii) it can be multi-user | i) Can easily handle unstructured data, ii) high performance, iii) dynamic changes do not effect other items of database, iv) it is open-source v) flexible data model |
| Cons | i) Data processing is slow, ii) there is no support for complex data types iii) expensive hardware needed for its scalability. | i) Its functionality is limited, ii) manual query language, iii) data consistency is poor, iv) backup and consistency issues |
| Examples | Relational database examples include MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle Database | Non-relational database examples are MongoDB, Cassandra, DocumentDB etc. |
Which type of database is right for you?
There are several important factors to consider when choosing between a relational database and a non-relational database. The type of data you are working with is the most important factor. If you are working with simple data that does not need to be related to other data, then a non-relational database would be the best choice. If you are working with complex data that needs to be related to other data, then a relational database would be the best choice.
Another important factor to consider is performance. Relational databases are generally more complex and can take longer to query. Non-relational databases are generally simpler and can be faster to query.
The last factor to consider is scalability. Relational databases are typically easier to scale than non-relational databases. If you anticipate your data needs growing in the future, then a relational database would be a better choice.
However, keep in mind that non-relational databases can be more difficult to use than relational databases. Before choosing a database, you should consider the databases’ characteristics and limitations and compare them to your company’s needs. You will be in a better position to decide whether relational database is good for you or non-relational database.
Further Reading
- Relational Database Benefits and Limitations
- 9 Types of Databases
- Distributed Database
- Personal Database
- Centralized Database
